The 2019 National Academy of Science, Engineering and Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Sodium (Na + ) and Potassium (K + ) Report concluded there remains insufficient evidence to establish a K + DRI. This study tested the hypothesis that reduced Na + and increased K + excretion will positively associate with lower blood pressure in salt sensitive (SS) and salt resistant (SR) participants in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Sodium Trial (DASH–Sodium). Via the NHLBI BioLINCC we accessed the DASH-Sodium dataset for data on systolic blood pressure (SBP), 24-h urinary Na + and K + excretion at screening (regular patient diet; N = 186, SS N = 222 SR) and post DASH diet (N = 71 SS, N = 119 SR). The relationships between SBP, urinary Na + and K + excretion, and Na + /K + https://www.datingranking.net/cs/caribbeancupid-recenze ratio were assessed via linear regression. At screening elevated urinary Na + excretion positively associated with SBP in SS (1 g increase in urinary Na + excretion = +1 0 ± 0.4 mmHg) but not SR participants, and urinary K + excretion of <1 g K + /day was associated with higher SBP in SS and SR participants. Urinary K + excretion ?1 g/day, or a decreases in urinary Na + /K + ratio, was not associated with lower SBP. Post the DASH–sodium diet intervention, SBP was reduced in SS and SR participants. However, no correlation was observed between reduced SBP and urinary K + excretion or the urinary Na + /K + ratio irrespective of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Our data support the DRI recommendation not to establish a K + DRI and suggest further evidence is required to support a reduced Na + /K + ratio to lower SBP.

Addition

Hypertension, typically the most popular non-communicable condition globally, means a life threatening worldwide personal ailment. According to research by the 2017 Western Cardio Association (AHA) recommendations, the brand new incidence of blood pressure level among us adults is actually estimated to-be 46% ; at the same time,

50% from hypertensive people are projected are salt sensitive and painful (SS) . While the noted by National Cardio getting Chronic State Reduction and you will Fitness Promotion report

90% off Western grownups eat an excess of dietary sodium (Na + ), having the typical each and every day use surpassing 3400 mg within the adult United states guys, an admiration nearly 3 times the newest every single day application needed by AHA together with Federal Academy from Science, Technologies, and Medicine Diet Source Intakes (DRI) . As the excess diet Na + intake, which can push new sodium susceptibility away from blood pressure levels and increase blood circulation pressure exposure, worldwide weight reduction Na + consumption try a public wellness exposure. The fresh feeling off weight loss Na + consumption to your blood pressure level might have been examined inside multiple weight-loss input trials producing facts one quicker fat reduction sodium consumption in managed settings results in decrease during the blood pressure [six,7,8]. Then, meta-analyses possess synchronised dieting Na + restriction with reductions when you look at the blood pressure recommending there is a health work for in both normotensive and you will hypertensive some body regardless of new sodium sensitiveness regarding blood circulation pressure [9, 10].

Relationship out of urinary sodium and you may potassium removal which have systolic hypertension throughout the Losing weight Ways to End Blood circulation pressure Salt Trial

Recent evidence suggests the salt sensitivity of blood pressure may be modulated, in part, by dietary potassium (K + ) intake. Increasing dietary K + intake appears to counteract the effects of dietary Na + intake on increasing blood pressure [11,12,13]. Despite several studies that have documented blood pressure lowering effects of increasing K + intake, the 2019 National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine DRI for sodium and potassium Report did not establish a DRI for K + . This report concluded that more evidence is required to support a DRI of K + with particular reference to a lack of K + dose-response trials limiting the evidence to establish a K + DRI . Several studies have reported that the urinary Na + :K + ratio has a stronger association with blood pressure than Na + or K + independently [14, 15]. Largely based on these data, a urinary Na + to K + molar ratio of <1 has been recommended [16, 17] as a beneficial target to improve long-term blood pressure control. Given the high global dietary Na + intake this would necessitate dietary, or other means, of K + supplementation-for which a DRI has not been established . A leading dietary intervention study was the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension 2 Trial (DASH-Sodium) conducted between 1997 and 2002 . The DASH-Sodium trial was a multicenter, randomized clinical trial that examined the impact of three levels dietary Na + intake in combination with either a control or DASH diet (rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, and reduced in total fat) on blood pressure. This study demonstrated substantial effects of dietary Na + reduction and the DASH diet on reducing blood pressure, with more significant blood pressure lowering effects with the combination of a DASH diet plus dietary Na + reduction than dietary Na + restriction alone in individuals with higher than optimal blood pressure . Given that the DASH diet intervention elevated dietary K + intake by increasing dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in combination with modifying daily dietary Na + intake, examining the potential interaction between dietary Na + and K + intake on blood pressure in the DASH trial will provide valuable insight into the potential influence of dietary K + on blood pressure.