Baseline qualities

7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 mg/day; and most trials lasted ?2 years. A calcium dose of >500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.

Model of randomised controlled products and you may picked baseline services out of qualified samples out-of calcium that can used supplement D products

First analyses

Desk 5 ? summarises the results of your own meta-analyses. Expanding calcium supplements intake regarding fat loss sources improved BMD by the 0.6-step 1.0% at complete hip and you will total human body on 1 year and you will of the 0.7-step one.8% at those web sites and lumbar spine and you will femoral neck from the 2 years (figs step 1 and you may dos ? ? . There is zero influence on BMD at forearm.

Fig 1 Arbitrary outcomes meta-study from effectation of weight reduction resources of calcium for the payment transform inside the limbs nutrient occurrence (BMD) regarding standard from the 1 year

Fig 2 Arbitrary effects meta-analysis of effectation of weight loss resources of calcium supplements towards payment alter in bone nutrient thickness (BMD) away from standard at 24 months

Once we restricted the fresh analyses into 12 randomised regulated samples out of whole milk otherwise dairy products, because of the excluding around three samples away from hydroxyapatite, there clearly was nothing improvement in the outcomes. Calcium supplements improved BMD whatsoever four skeletal websites from the 0.7-step 1.4% on 1 year (figs 3 and you will 4 ? ? ), of the 0.8-1.5% during the www.datingranking.net/cs/loveroulette-recenze two years (figs 5 and you can six ? ? ), and by 0.8-step one.8% at more two and a half ages (fig seven ? ) (variety of lifetime of samples is actually 3 to 5 ages).